space designer

ZAKARIA AL HAYEK DECORATION DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION L.L.C

<p>We are looking for a creative Interior Designer to undertake a variety of space designing projects. You will deal with design from conception, development and liaising with the stakeholders to managing and executing the design.</p><p>This role involves collaborating with clients, architects, and contractors while considering cultural preferences, local regulations, and the unique aesthetics of the UAE region.</p><p>Responsibilities</p><p>Work closely with clients to understand their design preferences, requirements, and vision for the space.</p><p>Define project requirements and schedule during the &ldquo;brief&rdquo;</p><p>Provide clients with realistic visualizations to help them envision the final design.</p><p>Present design concepts, mood boards, and visualizations to clients for approval.</p><p>Create functional and innovative space plans that optimize the use of available space.</p><p>Create detailed designs, including floor plans, furniture layouts, and color schemes.</p><p>Select and source materials, furniture, fixtures, and accessories for the design projects.</p><p>Coordinate with contractors, architects, and other professionals to ensure the successful execution of the design plans.</p><p>Manage multiple projects and meet deadlines.</p><p>Ensure designs adhere to UAE building codes, regulations, and cultural considerations.</p><p>Obtain necessary permits and approvals for interior design projects.</p><p>Requirements and skills</p><p>Proven experience (typically 1- 3 years) as an Interior Designer, preferably within the UAE context.</p><p>Creativity, innovation, and a keen eye for detail.</p><p>Proficient in AutoCAD, 3D Max, or other design programs</p><p>Excellent portfolio of previous works</p><p>Creative talent, imagination and eye for design</p><p>Communication and presentation skills</p><p>Project management skills</p><p>Strong understanding of interior design principles, spatial planning, and color theory.</p><p>Knowledge of UAE cultural aesthetics, design preferences, and local regulations.</p><p>Job Type: Full-time</p><p>Pay: AED4,000.00 - AED9,000.00 per month</p>

Interior Designer

The Container Store

<div>Overview:
<div>
The Designer/Sales Specialist position is responsible for driving results through the designing of custom spaces and other storage and organization solutions in store. This position is a strong leader and role model who displays excellent selling skills while maintaining a focus on exceptional customer service. This is a full-time, hourly, non-exempt position.</div><div><br>
</div><div><b>What We Stand For</b></div><div>
Established in 1978, The Container Store has grown to be the leading specialty retailer of storage and organization products in the United States and the only national retailer solely devoted to the category. We provide creative, multifunctional, customizable storage and organization solutions that help our customers save time, save space and improve the quality of their lives. We foster a culture built around our Foundation Principles, which define how we approach our relationships with our employees, vendors, customers and communities and influence every aspect of our business.</div>
Responsibilities:
<ul><li>Collaborates and works with customers to design customized plans in a clear and professional manner</li><li>
Drives all the services available with each customer interaction: In-Home Designing, In-Home Organizing, installation, financing, and loyalty</li><li>
Focuses on closing sales efficiently, to build repeat and referral business with customers</li><li>
Consistently maintains clear communication with Managers and Support Center partners to seamlessly complete projects from inquiry to installation to achieve sales goals
</li><li>Leads the sales floor and performs other tasks or duties in partnership with Managers</li><li>
Remains current with The Container Store training, selling, product knowledge, promotions, processes and philosophies when interacting with customers and store employees
</li><li>Actively leads and participates in the daily maintenance of the custom space area and visual presentation of the store</li><li>
As a brand ambassador, enthusiastically drives, motivates, and supports all company initiatives by modeling and coaching professional and productive behaviors with store employees to achieve store goals</li><li>
Proficiently and consistently uses company tools and email</li></ul><p><b>
We believe in taking care of our team. </b>That's why we offer a comprehensive benefits package that goes beyond just health insurance (though we've got that covered too!). Here at The Container Store, we're passionate about helping you <b>contain your health</b>, <b>grow your career</b>, and <b>find balance in your life</b>.</p><p></p><p><b><br>
Here's a peek at what you can expect:</b></p><ul><li><b>
Rewarding pay </b>to recognize the value you bring to the team. Starting at $23.00 - $26.00/hour.</li><li><b>
Competitive health, dental, and vision plans</b> to keep you and your loved ones well.</li><li><b>
401(k) retirement savings plan</b> with optional investment guidance and assistance offered through Fidelity.</li><li><b>
Unique &quot;1equals3&quot; website</b> for easy access to your benefits information and company updates.</li><li><b>
We've got your back!</b> Competitive sick pay and PTO plan to ensure you can take time off to recharge and come back feeling your best.</li></ul><p></p><p><b><br>
For our full-time associates, we offer even more:</b></p><ul><li><b>
Peace-of-mind benefits:</b> Basic life insurance, disability insurance options, accident insurance, critical illness insurance, hospital indemnity insurance and flexible spending accounts (FSAs).</li><li><b>
Family-focused support:</b> Considerate parental leave policies, adoption and surrogacy assistance, and fertility &amp; maternity support program.</li><li><b>
Work-life balance boosters:</b> Paid holidays, gym membership discounts, and a qualified transportation benefits program to save on commutes.</li><li><b>
Discounts galore:</b> Enjoy a hefty discount on our amazing products, including merchandise, custom spaces, and services, gift cards, and pet insurance (because fur-babies matter!).</li><li><b>
Recognition you deserve</b>: We honor our employees with service awards and retirement gifts, celebrate those who exemplify our core principles, and recognize exceptional daily contributions.</li><li><b>
Thriving with diversity:</b> Participate in our Employee Resource and Affinity Groups and help guide how we give back to the community, while having a space to connect, support one another, and celebrate cultural heritages.</li></ul><p></p><p><b><br>
But that's not all! </b>We offer a fun and collaborative work environment where you can learn, grow, and make a real difference.</p>
Qualifications:
<ul><li>College degree preferred</li><li>
2-5 years sales and clientele experience preferred</li><li>
Design experience and spatial intelligence</li><li>
Excellent communication and follow-up skills
</li><li>Maintains professional appearance and wears required dress code when representing The Container Store
</li><li>Knowledge and passion for following trends in the custom closets and retail industry</li><li>
Strong computer skills</li><li>
Ability to work in a constant state of alertness and a safe manner</li><li>
Is committed to working scheduled hours and has the flexibility to work additional hours based on changing business needs</li><li>
Ability to communicate clearly and effectively in a professional manner, both orally and in writing, at all levels within and outside the organization</li><li>
Ability to quickly separate the mission-critical tasks from the lower priority tasks; focuses on the most value-added projects of the day or week</li><li>
Strong time management and organizational skills with the ability to successfully manage multiple projects at once</li><li>
Possesses focused attention to detail while working quickly and accurately under pressure
</li><li>Makes strategic and effective decisions in the best interest of our customers and our company, taking care to objectively process information</li></ul><div></div><div><br>
The Container Store promotes a smoke-free, drug-free environment.
<br>
We are proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer and comply with the
</div><div>Americans with Disabilities Act.</div><div></div><div><br>
Stores Physical Requirements</div><div></div><div><br>
State Specific Notices</div></div>

Designer/Sales Specialist In-Store

Shri Management Services

<div></div><div><div><div><p>Bangalore, HBR Layout</p>
</div><div><div><div>Link Copied</div></div></div></div><p></p><div><br>
</div><br>
<p>A Landscape Designer in Real Estate plans and designs attractive, functional, and sustainable outdoor spaces that increase property value and market appeal. They work closely with real estate developers, property managers, architects, and contractors to create landscapes that support selling, leasing, and long-term maintenance of properties.<br>
Key Responsibilities<br>
Design landscaping for residential, commercial, and mixed-use properties<br>
Create site plans showing plant layouts, walkways, parking areas, lighting, and outdoor amenities<br>
Select plants and materials that fit the climate, budget, and maintenance needs<br>
Improve curb appeal to attract buyers and tenants<br>
Coordinate with architects, developers, and construction teams<br>
Ensure designs meet zoning laws, building codes, and environmental regulations<br>
Plan sustainable features such as water-efficient irrigation and native plants</p>
<div><div><div><div>Experience</div> <div>5 - 8 Years</div>
</div><br>
<div><div>Salary</div> <div>5 Lac To 6 Lac P.A.</div>
</div><br>
<div><div>Industry</div> <div>Engineering / Engineering Design / R&amp;D / Quality</div>
</div><br>
<div><div>Qualification</div>
</div><br>
<div></div><div><div>Key Skills</div> <div>Landscape Designer Real Estate</div></div></div></div></div>

Landscape Designer - Full Time

<div>Overview:
<div>
The Part-time Designer is an expert in custom space design with a vast knowledge of all storage and organization solutions and products sold at The Container Store. This position is a strong role model who displays excellent selling skills while maintaining a focus on exceptional customer service. Schedules can include daytime, evenings and weekends. This is a part-time, hourly, non-exempt position.</div><div><br>
</div><div><b>What We Stand For</b></div><div>
Established in 1978, The Container Store has grown to be the leading specialty retailer of storage and organization products in the United States and the only national retailer solely devoted to the category. We provide creative, multifunctional, customizable storage and organization solutions that help our customers save time, save space and improve the quality of their lives. We foster a culture built around our Foundation Principles, which define how we approach our relationships with our employees, vendors, customers and communities and influence every aspect of our business.</div>
Responsibilities:
<ul><li>Manages and maintains multiple, simultaneous customer projects through all phases with a high level of accuracy, timeliness and follow-up with consistent and concise communication to customers and others
</li><li>Collaborates and communicates with the customer to design and present projects and customized plans in a clear and professional manner</li><li>
Closes sales efficiently, builds repeat and referral business</li><li>
Consistently maintains clear communication with Managers and Support Center partners to seamlessly complete projects from inquiry to installation to achieve sales goals</li><li>
As a brand ambassador, enthusiastically drives, motivates and supports all company initiatives by modeling professional and productive behaviors with store employees to achieve store and other goals</li><li>
Remains current with The Container Store training, selling, product knowledge, promotions, processes and philosophies when interacting with customers, CSD, store employees and Installation
</li><li>Proficiently and consistently uses company tools and email</li><li>
Actively participates in the daily maintenance of custom spaces showroom and visual presentation of the store</li><li>
Handles cash and other valuables appropriately and securely</li><li>
Maintains a safe working and shopping environment, utilizing all available resources, ensuring safety and security of the employees, customers and property</li><li>
Assists customers with personal confidential information related to the Company credit card and application process</li><li>
Consistently arrives promptly to work the assigned schedule</li><li>
Responsible for maintaining discretion related to all confidential/sensitive company and customer information</li><li>
Performs other requested tasks and duties</li></ul><p><b>
We believe in taking care of our team. </b>That's why we offer a comprehensive benefits package that goes beyond just health insurance (though we've got that covered too!). Here at The Container Store, we're passionate about helping you <b>contain your health</b>, <b>grow your career</b>, and <b>find balance in your life</b>.</p><p></p><p><b><br>
Here's a peek at what you can expect:</b></p><ul><li><b>
Rewarding pay </b>to recognize the value you bring to the team.</li><li><b>
Competitive health, dental, and vision plans</b> to keep you and your loved ones well.</li><li><b>
401(k) retirement savings plan</b> with optional investment guidance and assistance offered through Fidelity.</li><li><b>
Unique &quot;1equals3&quot; website</b> for easy access to your benefits information and company updates.</li><li><b>
We've got your back!</b> Competitive sick pay and PTO plan to ensure you can take time off to recharge and come back feeling your best.</li></ul><p></p><p><b><br>
For our full-time associates, we offer even more:</b></p><ul><li><b>
Peace-of-mind benefits:</b> Basic life insurance, disability insurance options, accident insurance, critical illness insurance, hospital indemnity insurance and flexible spending accounts (FSAs).</li><li><b>
Family-focused support:</b> Considerate parental leave policies, adoption and surrogacy assistance, and fertility &amp; maternity support program.</li><li><b>
Work-life balance boosters:</b> Paid holidays, gym membership discounts, and a qualified transportation benefits program to save on commutes.</li><li><b>
Discounts galore:</b> Enjoy a hefty discount on our amazing products, including merchandise, custom spaces, and services, gift cards, and pet insurance (because fur-babies matter!).</li><li><b>
Recognition you deserve</b>: We honor our employees with service awards and retirement gifts, celebrate those who exemplify our core principles, and recognize exceptional daily contributions.</li><li><b>
Thriving with diversity:</b> Participate in our Employee Resource and Affinity Groups and help guide how we give back to the community, while having a space to connect, support one another, and celebrate cultural heritages.</li></ul><p></p><p><b><br>
But that's not all! </b>We offer a fun and collaborative work environment where you can learn, grow, and make a real difference.</p>
Qualifications:
<ul><li>College degree preferred</li><li>
2-5 years sales and clientele experience preferred</li><li>
Maintains professional appearance and wears required dress code when representing The Container Store
</li><li>Knowledge and passion for following trends in the custom spaces and retail industry</li><li>
Strong computer skills: proficiency in Outlook, Word and knowledge of Excel and Salesforce or Customer Relations Management tools</li><li>
Ability to work in a constant state of alertness and a safe manner</li><li>
Is committed to working scheduled hours and has the flexibility to work additional hours based on changing business needs</li><li>
Ability to communicate clearly and effectively in a professional manner, both orally and in writing, at all levels within and outside the organization</li><li>
Ability to quickly separate the mission-critical tasks from the lower priority tasks; focuses on the most value-added projects of the day or week</li><li>
Flexible, with a positive attitude and passion for knowledge</li><li>
Strong time management and organizational skills with the ability to successfully manage multiple projects at once</li><li>
Possesses focused attention to detail while working quickly and accurately under pressure
</li><li>Makes strategic and effective decisions in the best interest of our customers and our company, taking care to objectively process information</li><li>
Ability to work within and exemplify The Container Store brand which we describe as matchless, fun, authentic, team-focused and life-changing</li><li>
Must be at least 18 years of age</li></ul><div></div><div><br>
The Container Store promotes a smoke-free, drug-free environment.</div><div>
We are proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer and comply with the</div><div>
Americans with Disabilities Act</div><div></div><div><br>
Stores Physical Requirements</div><div></div><div><br>
State Specific Notices</div></div>

Part-time Designer

<div>Overview:
<div>
The Designer/Sales Specialist position is responsible for driving results through the designing of custom spaces and other storage and organization solutions in store. This position is a strong leader and role model who displays excellent selling skills while maintaining a focus on exceptional customer service. This is a full-time, hourly, non-exempt position.</div><div><br>
</div><div><b>What We Stand For</b></div><div>
Established in 1978, The Container Store has grown to be the leading specialty retailer of storage and organization products in the United States and the only national retailer solely devoted to the category. We provide creative, multifunctional, customizable storage and organization solutions that help our customers save time, save space and improve the quality of their lives. We foster a culture built around our Foundation Principles, which define how we approach our relationships with our employees, vendors, customers and communities and influence every aspect of our business.</div>
Responsibilities:
<ul><li>Collaborates and works with customers to design customized plans in a clear and professional manner</li><li>
Drives all the services available with each customer interaction: In-Home Designing, In-Home Organizing, installation, financing, and loyalty</li><li>
Focuses on closing sales efficiently, to build repeat and referral business with customers</li><li>
Consistently maintains clear communication with Managers and Support Center partners to seamlessly complete projects from inquiry to installation to achieve sales goals
</li><li>Leads the sales floor and performs other tasks or duties in partnership with Managers</li><li>
Remains current with The Container Store training, selling, product knowledge, promotions, processes and philosophies when interacting with customers and store employees
</li><li>Actively leads and participates in the daily maintenance of the custom space area and visual presentation of the store</li><li>
As a brand ambassador, enthusiastically drives, motivates, and supports all company initiatives by modeling and coaching professional and productive behaviors with store employees to achieve store goals</li><li>
Proficiently and consistently uses company tools and email</li></ul><p><b>
We believe in taking care of our team. </b>That's why we offer a comprehensive benefits package that goes beyond just health insurance (though we've got that covered too!). Here at The Container Store, we're passionate about helping you <b>contain your health</b>, <b>grow your career</b>, and <b>find balance in your life</b>.</p><p></p><p><b><br>
Here's a peek at what you can expect:</b></p><ul><li><b>
Rewarding pay </b>to recognize the value you bring to the team.</li><li><b>
Competitive health, dental, and vision plans</b> to keep you and your loved ones well.</li><li><b>
401(k) retirement savings plan</b> with optional investment guidance and assistance offered through Fidelity.</li><li><b>
Unique &quot;1equals3&quot; website</b> for easy access to your benefits information and company updates.</li><li><b>
We've got your back!</b> Competitive sick pay and PTO plan to ensure you can take time off to recharge and come back feeling your best.</li></ul><p></p><p><b><br>
For our full-time associates, we offer even more:</b></p><ul><li><b>
Peace-of-mind benefits:</b> Basic life insurance, disability insurance options, accident insurance, critical illness insurance, hospital indemnity insurance and flexible spending accounts (FSAs).</li><li><b>
Family-focused support:</b> Considerate parental leave policies, adoption and surrogacy assistance, and fertility &amp; maternity support program.</li><li><b>
Work-life balance boosters:</b> Paid holidays, gym membership discounts, and a qualified transportation benefits program to save on commutes.</li><li><b>
Discounts galore:</b> Enjoy a hefty discount on our amazing products, including merchandise, custom spaces, and services, gift cards, and pet insurance (because fur-babies matter!).</li><li><b>
Recognition you deserve</b>: We honor our employees with service awards and retirement gifts, celebrate those who exemplify our core principles, and recognize exceptional daily contributions.</li><li><b>
Thriving with diversity:</b> Participate in our Employee Resource and Affinity Groups and help guide how we give back to the community, while having a space to connect, support one another, and celebrate cultural heritages.</li></ul><p></p><p><b><br>
But that's not all! </b>We offer a fun and collaborative work environment where you can learn, grow, and make a real difference.</p>
Qualifications:
<ul><li>College degree preferred</li><li>
2-5 years sales and clientele experience preferred</li><li>
Design experience and spatial intelligence</li><li>
Excellent communication and follow-up skills
</li><li>Maintains professional appearance and wears required dress code when representing The Container Store
</li><li>Knowledge and passion for following trends in the custom closets and retail industry</li><li>
Strong computer skills</li><li>
Ability to work in a constant state of alertness and a safe manner</li><li>
Is committed to working scheduled hours and has the flexibility to work additional hours based on changing business needs</li><li>
Ability to communicate clearly and effectively in a professional manner, both orally and in writing, at all levels within and outside the organization</li><li>
Ability to quickly separate the mission-critical tasks from the lower priority tasks; focuses on the most value-added projects of the day or week</li><li>
Strong time management and organizational skills with the ability to successfully manage multiple projects at once</li><li>
Possesses focused attention to detail while working quickly and accurately under pressure
</li><li>Makes strategic and effective decisions in the best interest of our customers and our company, taking care to objectively process information</li></ul><div></div><div><br>
The Container Store promotes a smoke-free, drug-free environment.
<br>
We are proud to be an Equal Opportunity Employer and comply with the
</div><div>Americans with Disabilities Act.</div><div></div><div><br>
Stores Physical Requirements</div><div></div><div><br>
State Specific Notices</div></div>

Naam Creations Carpentry and Flooring Contracting EST

<p><b>About Us</b></p><p>NAAM Marketing is a leading marketing and brand activation agency in Dubai, specializing in creative design solutions across retail fit-outs, kiosks, exhibitions, POS displays, brand activations and corporate gifting. We combine innovation and craftsmanship to deliver impactful, premium-quality projects that transform brands into experiences.</p><p>We are seeking a talented and detail-oriented 3D Designer to join our growing creative team.</p><p><b>Role Overview</b></p><p>As a 3D Designer, you will be responsible for interior conceptualizing, modeling, and rendering 3D visualizations for retail spaces, kiosks, exhibitions, and marketing activations. You will work closely with the design, production, and project management teams to create compelling visual concepts that align with client objectives while ensuring feasibility and quality.</p><p>This role demands a mix of creativity, technical skills, and practical understanding of fabrication, materials, and production processes.</p><p><b>Key Responsibilities</b></p><p><b>Design &amp; Visualization:</b></p><ul><li>Develop 3D models, layouts, and photorealistic renders for kiosks, exhibitions, retail interiors, and POS displays.</li><li>Create immersive mock-ups and walkthroughs for client presentations.</li><li>Translate 2D sketches and brand concepts into 3D outputs with strong aesthetic appeal.</li></ul><p><b>Collaboration &amp; Execution:</b></p><ul><li>Work closely with design managers, account managers, and production teams to ensure concepts are both creative and practical.</li><li>Provide design support during pitch stages, including brainstorming sessions and creative storytelling.</li><li>Prepare technical drawings/layouts for fabrication teams when required.</li></ul><p><b>Innovation &amp; Industry Awareness:</b></p><ul><li>Stay up to date with trends in 3D design, retail, exhibitions, and experiential marketing.</li><li>Suggest innovative materials, finishes, and design solutions to elevate project outcomes.</li><li>Maintain and manage an organized library of 3D assets, textures, and materials.</li></ul><p><b>Requirements</b></p><ul><li>Education: Bachelor&rsquo;s degree or diploma in 3D Design, Architecture, Interior Design, Industrial Design, or related field.</li><li>Experience: 3&ndash;5 years of relevant experience in interior fit-out, exhibition stands, kiosks, retail design, or experiential marketing agencies in the UAE/GCC.</li><li>Proficiency in 3ds Max, SketchUp, AutoCAD, Cinema 4D, or Blender.</li><li>Rendering expertise with V-Ray, Corona, KeyShot, Enscape &amp; D5 Renders.</li><li>Strong skills in Photoshop &amp; Illustrator for presentation layouts.</li><li>Understanding of materials, fabrication processes, joinery, and MEP coordination.</li><li>Creativity and strong visualization ability.</li><li>Detail-oriented with excellent sense of scale, proportion, and aesthetics.</li><li>Ability to work under pressure and manage multiple projects.</li><li>Strong communication and presentation skills for internal and client meetings.</li></ul><p><b>What We Offer</b></p><ul><li>Competitive salary package aligned with UAE market.</li><li>Visa, medical insurance, and benefits as per UAE Labor Law.</li><li>Exposure to high-profile clients and projects across Dubai and the GCC.</li><li>A collaborative, fast-paced work environment where creativity is valued.</li><li>Career growth opportunities within design and project management.</li></ul><p>SALARY: 7k-10k (depending on experience)</p><p>Job Types: Full-time, Permanent</p><p>Pay: From AED7,000.00 per month</p><p>Education:</p><ul><li>Diploma (Required)</li></ul><p>Experience:</p><ul><li>Interior fit-out, Exhibition stands, KIOSKS,: 3 years (Required)</li><li>3ds Max, SketchUp, AutoCAD, Cinema 4D, or Blender: 3 years (Required)</li><li>V-Ray, Corona, KeyShot, Enscape &amp; D5 Renders: 3 years (Required)</li><li>Photoshop &amp; Illustrator: 3 years (Required)</li></ul>

3D Designer

Exterior space landscape works

<p>We are seeking a talented and experienced <b>Swimming Pool &amp; Landscape Designer</b> to join our team. The ideal candidate should have at least 2 years of relevant UAE experience in designing creative, functional, and high-quality outdoor spaces.</p><p><b>Key Responsibilities:</b></p><ul><li>Develop 2D/3D landscape and pool designs.</li><li>Prepare detailed working drawings and design presentations.</li><li>Coordinate with site teams and clients for design implementation.</li><li>Ensure all designs meet local regulations and client expectations.</li></ul><p><b>Requirements:</b></p><ul><li>Minimum 2 years of relevant experience in the UAE.</li><li>Proficiency in AutoCAD, SketchUp, Lumion, or similar design software.</li><li>Strong creativity and attention to detail.</li><li>Excellent communication and teamwork skills.</li></ul><p><b>Benefits:</b></p><ul><li><b>Employment Visa: </b>2-year visa provided by the company</li><li><b>Accommodation:</b> Provided by the company</li></ul><p><b>Location:</b> Al Karama, Dubai<br/><b>Salary: </b>AED 3,500 &ndash; 5,000 per month<br/><b>Job Type:</b> Full-time | Onsite<br/><b>Working Hours:</b> Monday to Saturday, 8:00 AM &ndash; 5:00 PM (1-hour lunch break)<br/><i>Overtime available</i></p><p>Job Type: Full-time</p><p>Pay: AED3,500.00 - AED5,000.00 per month</p><p>Work Location: In person</p>

Landscape Designer – UAE Experience Required

Search 5145+ Space designer jobs near you this January. New roles added regularly across leading industries. Apply today.

5145 space designer jobs NEAR_ME

Interior Designer

Designer/Sales Specialist In-Store

Landscape Designer - Full Time

Part-time Designer

Designer/Sales Specialist In-Store

3D Designer

Landscape Designer – UAE Experience Required